Capillary viscometry from schott instruments know how. Pressure difference is transformed into an electric standard signal, which can be used for display and as a control signal. The purpose of this paper is to understand how a capillary viscometer is able to measure the viscosity of a fluid, which equals time required to empty a given volume of liquid through an orifice. This manual covers the dv2t viscometer and the dv2t extra viscometer. The viscometer used consists of a cylindrical cup with a capillary tube at one end. In the conventional system adopted by the pharmacopoeia the specific optical rotation is expressed by its value. The rheosense viscometer enabled us to quickly and accurately measure small aliqouts of sample which was necessary due to limited amounts of biological material. In cylindrical coordinates the only nonzero components of the navierstokes equation are, p. For measuring the viscosity coefficient, ostwald viscometer method is used which is based on poiseuilles law. Brookfield dial reading viscometer with electronic drive. Viscosity of newtonian and nonnewtonian liquids rotary.
Alternatively, for data transfer the viscoclock plus can be connected to a printer tz 3863 or a pc. A viscometer also called viscosimeter is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. Glass capillary viscometers gost allunion state standard 1002867. The borosilicate glass capillary bf200, sutter instruments, ca has aninnerradius,r0. Automated measurement of plasma viscosity by capillary. The data are stored as pdf noneditable and csv editable. A capillary viscometer may take any of several designs, but most common is the ushaped or ostwald viscometer, of which the cannonfenske and ubbelohde types are typical. The pressurescanning capillary viscometer measures the viscosity of whole blood over a range of shear rates without the use of anticoagulants. A capillary viscometer consists of a very small diameter, cylindrical capillary tube. A cannonfenske capillary viscometer is a ushaped piece of glass tubing bearing two glass bulbs or chambers on one arm, separated by a calibrated length of capillary tubing. A fluid analysis was done on a capillary viscometer in order to derive equations to theoretically describe the viscometer. According to this law, the rate of flow of liquid through a capillary tube having viscosity coefficient, can be expressed as 8vl r4tp where, v vol. We describe a vacuumbased pressuredetecting capillary viscometer for the viscosity determination of newtonian fluids without known density.
Vacuum system for bituminous binders complete with vacuum controller, vacuum pump, valve control module and glass bottle. M 1 and m 2 in the vnzh, also m 3 are markings for measurement of the time of discharge of fluid from the measuring reservoirs or the time for filling the. Astm d445, iso 3014, ip 71 part 1, bs 188 glass capillary size. A springloaded locking device en sures that the viscometer is exactly realigned on return to vertical. Bsu tube glass capillary viscometers are ideal for measuring the kinematic viscosity of transparent newtonian fluids within a range of 0. Hvm 472 viscometer automated multirange capillary viscometer the herzog multirange viscometer hvm 472 determines kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids. Modified koppers vacuum capillary viscometer suitable for measuring the dynamic viscosity of bituminous binders. The glass capillary was designed such that its flow resistance is negligible compared to the microchannel. Under idealised conditions laminar, isothermal flow stationary flow condition newtonian flow behaviour of the liquid. Pdf a simple capillary viscometer based on the ideal gas law. The viscometer operates on the principle that the variation in air pressure of the vacuum vessel replaces the flow rate and pressure drop measurements which are usually required for the operation of a capillary tube viscometer. Capillary tube viscometer measurement instrument britannica. Thus, a rheometer can be considered as a special type of viscometer. A liquid is forced through the capillary by imposing a pressure drop.
Take care to avoid trapping air bubbles under the spindles, especially the disktype. Objectives for rp15 the objectives of the project are. Capillary viscometry from schott instruments know how from the very beginning innovative capillary viscometry from the outset the viscosity of newtonian. The cannonmanning semimicro page 8 is a utube viscometer that has been modified to measure the kinematic viscosity of samples as small as 1. In the capillary tube viscometer, the pressure needed to force the fluid to flow at a specified rate. Other viscometers may be used provided that the accuracy and precision is not less than that obtained with the viscometers described below. The very small diameter of the tube, the very large length to diameter ratio minimizes entrance and exit effects and ensures a fully developed velocity profile. Glass capillary viscometers for the measurement of kinematic. Pdf we describe a vacuumbased pressuredetecting capillary viscometer for the viscosity determination of newtonian fluids without known density. Psl rheotek bitumen viscometers are suitable for measuring a wide range of liquid asphalts, bituminous binders and asphalt cements. Ball bearing suspension not included in lv versions, ezlock spindle connection, model q lab stand, and rheocalct software. Analysis of errors in viscosity measurement january 2015 page 2 of 7 spectro q3000 viscometer removable aluminum capillary cell operational faults studied in this analysis angular misalignment of the viscometer off the vertical axis temperature inaccuracy of the. These specifications in astm d, isoip 71, and bs cover operating instructions for glass capillary kinematic viscometers of all the types described in detail for modified ostwald f446, suspendedlevel viscometers and reverseflow viscometers. The pressure decrease between the two ends of the measuring capillary, which is proportional to viscosity, is determined by two pressure sensors, or it is directly measured by differential pressure transducer.
Type bsu nominal overall length 300 mm, approximate sample volume 40 ml. To measure the viscosity of a nonnewtonian fluid and to observe the difference between. For liquids with viscosities which vary with flow conditions, an instrument called a rheometer is used. Automated measurement of plasma viscosity is an attractive alternative to measurement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Scope this method describes a procedure for determining the viscosity of 0. Analysis of errors in viscosity measurement january 2015 page 2 of 7 spectro q3000 viscometer removable aluminum capillary cell operational faults studied in this analysis angular misalignment of the viscometer off the vertical axis temperature inaccuracy of the viscometer and sample. Automated measurement of plasma viscosity capillary. Raptis, an ultrasonic instrument for measuring density and viscosity of tank waste, in science and technology for disposal of radioactive tank wastes, proceedings of the american chemical society symposium on science and technology for disposal of radioactive tank wastes, ed. Capillary viscometer article about capillary viscometer by. Capillary measurements are considered the most precise way of determining the viscosity of newtonian and some nonnewtonian viscous fluids, and are generally simpler in design and less expensive relative to rotational instruments. Capillary viscometer nonnewtonian flow calculation notes. Utube viscometers modified ostwald viscometers psl rheotek. There are three fundamental types of viscometers in use ftr the measurement of viscosity. Capillary viscometry from schott instruments know how from. Psl rheotek utube viscometers are suitable for measuring transparent liquids. Additionally the low volume allowed us to gather many replicates of data in order to accurately assess biological variability between and across samples. Other types depend on measurements of the time taken for a sphere to fall through the fluid, or of the force needed to. Verticality of the viscometer capillary to within 1 min of arc is obtained by aligning the visco.
Scope this recommendation sets out the method and means for initial and subsequent verifications of glass capillary viscometers ordinary instruments, free liquid flow, intended for the measurement of kinematic viscosity of liquids. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 567k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Viscometer, instrument for measuring the viscosity resistance to internal flow of a fluid. Viscometers article about viscometers by the free dictionary. Patientsandmethods venous blood, anticoagulated with the dipotassium. For vacuum capillary viscometers, a bitumen vacuum system is available. Capillary viscometers have been used extensively, because of their simplicity and reliability, to measure the viscosity of fluids over a wide range of shear rates. Coulter viscometer ii, which gives an automated measurement of plasma viscosity, was compared with the selected manual method harkness viscometer of. It consists of a largediameter reservoir and a long, smalldiameter, vertical tube. The easy to operate hvm 472 includes 2 multirange capillaries with 100 fold measuring range, requires only 18 ml, and delivers precise results. Consider cylindrical coordinates, laminar flow driven by pressure so that a differential fluid element of thickness dr and length l is considered. The internal property of a fluid for its resistance to flow is known as viscosity. A capillary viscometer may be used for determining the viscosity of newtonian liquids and a rotating viscometer for determining the viscosity of newtonian and nonnewtonian liquids. The cannonubbelohde semimicro viscometer page 6 is a modification of the standard size cannonubbelohde viscometer requiring a sample volume of only one milliliter.
A simple capillary viscometer based on the ideal gas law article pdf available in rsc advances 853. The viscometer operates on the principle that the variation in air pressure of the vacuum vessel replaces the flow rate and pressure drop measurements which are usually required for the operation of a capillary tube. A viscometer system comprisingconduit means confining a main liquid stream, a pump disposed within said conduit, a capillary tube disposed within said conduit, said pump having an intake opening to the inside of said conduit and a discharge connected to the inlet of said capillary tube, whereby a sample portion of the main stream is forced by. Common examples include petroleum products, lubricants, adhesives, and sealants. Analysis of errors in viscosity measurement january 2015. A fluid analysis was done to determine how the dimensions of the viscometer affected its function.
The dv2t extra is a special package that includes several optional features to maximize the utility of the dv2t. The sample is placed in the reservoir, and the flow rate due to gravity is measured. Capillary viscometer method to a layer of 1 dm containing 1 gml of the substance. Effect of testosterone undecanoate on hematological profiles, blood lipid and viscosity and plasma. A high precision capillary viscometer and further relative. A capillary tube of radius r and length l is connected to the bottom of the reservoir. Apr 30, 2020 a capillary viscometer may take any of several designs, but most common is the ushaped or ostwald viscometer, of which the cannonfenske and ubbelohde types are typical. Calibrated in accordance with en 12596 and astm d2171. The crosssection of the viscometer is shown in figure 1. Other articles where capillary tube viscometer is discussed. The specific optical rotation of a substance in solution is always expressed with reference to a given solvent and concentration. Astm d446, iso 3105, ip 71 part 2, bs188 astm ubbelohde test methods. A typical capillary viscometer a device for measuring viscosity has the flow diagram shown in fig. The viscometer should be cleaned with a suitable solvent and dried in a stream of clean, filtered or n 2.
Includes a calibration certificate with a constant values at 40c and 100c and a precision of 0. Glass capillary viscometers for the measurement of. With no spindle attached, lower the viscometer by turning the black knob on the right side of the clamp. Complete with ukas certificate of calibration iso 17025. Gravity, compressed gas or a piston is used to generate pressure on the test fluid in a reservoir. Viscometers visual encyclopedia of chemical engineering. Glass capillary viscometers for the measurement of kinematic viscosity verification method 0.
Other accessories include viscometer bath, silicone bath oil and viscosity oil standards. Automated measurement of plasma viscosity capillary viscometer. In the capillary tube viscometer, the pressure needed to force the fluid to flow at a specified rate through a narrow tube is measured. A stresscontrolled microfluidic shear viscometer based on. Determination of kinematic viscosity of fluid objectives practice to use glass capillary viscometer calibrate the viscometer using standard fluid determine the kinematic viscosity of given fluid within the calibration range background information and theory. The reported capillary viscometer is costeffective, uses small amounts of sample fluid and can measure viscosity under various shear rates. In one version, the time taken for a given volume of fluid to flow through an opening is recorded. Capillary viscometers are used to measure the viscosity of a wide range of diverse fluids. The geometry of the capillary ensures pdf format in the my electronic documents link on the home page once your order has been completed. It is assumed that the dimensions of the capillary tube play a key role in the function of the viscometer. M 1 and m 2 in the vnzh, also m 3 are markings for measurement of the time of discharge of fluid from the measuring reservoirs or the time for.
The principle of verification consists in determining the constant of the viscometer, using a suitable and stable reference material of viscosity, the viscosity of which was measured using standard or. In capillary methods the test fluid is made to flow through a narrow tube as a result of hydrostatic or applied pressure. The instrument should be periodically cleaned with chromic acid o remove any possible traces of organic deposits. Capillary rheometer the capillary rheometer or viscometer is the most common device for measuring viscosity.